What is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder, meaning its symptoms occur without any apparent structural issues in the intestines. IBS impacts the function of the colon, making it highly sensitive to routine digestive activities.
Although the exact cause of IBS is not entirely clear, several contributing factors are thought to include abnormal intestinal muscle contractions, heightened food sensitivities, emotional stress, and various environmental triggers.
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Types of irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS )
1. IBS with Diarrhoea (IBS-D)
- Symptoms: Frequent, watery stools, an urgent need to pass a bowel movement, and occasional nausea.
- Cause: Rapid movement of food through the digestive tract results in diarrhoea.
2. IBS with Constipation (IBS-C)
- Symptoms: Difficulty passing stools, hard or lumpy stools, bloating, and abdominal discomfort.
- Cause: Slow movement of food through the intestines leads to constipation.
3. IBS with Mixed Symptoms (IBS-M)
- Symptoms: Alternating between diarrhoea and constipation.
- Cause: The digestive system alternates between rapid and slow food transit.
Common Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome
- Abdominal pain or cramping: Often eased by passing gas or a bowel movement.
- Bloating and gas: A sensation of fullness or swelling.
- Diarrhoea: Frequent and urgent watery bowel movements.
- Constipation: Hard or lumpy stools and difficulty passing them.
- Changes in bowel habits: Switching between diarrhoea and constipation.
- Mucus in stool: Some may notice mucus in their bowel movements.
What Causes irritable bowel syndrome ?
- Abnormal Gastrointestinal Motility: Irregular contractions in intestinal muscles may cause discomfort, diarrhoea, or constipation.
- Gut Sensitivity: Enhanced nerve sensitivity in the intestines can amplify normal digestive sensations, causing pain.
- Infections: IBS can develop following gastrointestinal infections, like food poisoning.
- Stress: Emotional factors such as anxiety or depression may trigger or intensify symptoms.
- Dietary Triggers: Certain foods, including dairy, fatty dishes, and high-fibre items, can worsen symptoms.
- Gut Microbiota Imbalance: A disrupted balance in gut bacteria might contribute to IBS.
Diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome
- Medical History: Doctors will review symptoms, personal health history, and any family history of digestive issues.
- Physical Examination: Helps identify or rule out other potential conditions.
- Tests: Stool analysis, blood work, or a colonoscopy may be performed to exclude other illnesses like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
- Rome IV Criteria: A diagnostic tool based on specific symptom patterns, such as abdominal pain and altered bowel habits.
Living with IBS: Tips for a Better Quality of Life
Keep a Food Journal:
Documenting meals and symptoms can help identify triggers.
Opt for Smaller Meals:
Smaller, frequent meals are easier on the digestive system.
Stay Active:
Physical activity can regulate bowel movements and reduce stress.
Manage Stress:
Relaxation, hobbies, and spending time with loved ones can help improve symptoms.
At LifePlus Hospital, our digestive health specialists provide personalized care to help you manage IBS. From diagnosis to long-term treatment plans, we are committed to improving your quality of life.