What is Acute Gastroenteritis?
Acute gastroenteritis refers to the inflammation of the stomach and intestines, which is often triggered by infections caused by viruses, bacteria, or parasites.
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Causes of Acute Gastroenteritis:
1. Viral Infections:
Viral infections are the most frequent cause, including rotavirus, norovirus, and adenovirus. Rotavirus, in particular, is highly common in children under five years old.
2. Bacterial Infections:
Bacteria such as Salmonella, E. coli, and Campylobacter are responsible for many cases. These are often foodborne or transmitted through contaminated water.
3. Parasitic Infections:
Parasites like Giardia and Entamoeba histolytica can lead to gastroenteritis, especially in children.
4. Antibiotic Use:
The use of antibiotics can disturb the balance of gut flora, potentially resulting in gastrointestinal upset.
Symptoms of Acute Gastroenteritis in Children:
- Watery diarrhea
- Vomiting
- Abdominal pain and cramps
- Fever
- Reduced appetite
- Signs of dehydration such as a dry mouth, lethargy, and decreased urine output
Diagnosis of Acute Gastroenteritis in Children:
- Physical Examination – Doctors assess for signs of dehydration and overall condition.
- Laboratory Tests – Testing methods such as stool culture, blood tests, or PCR may be used to identify the infection’s cause.
Complications from Dehydration
- Severe dehydration can lead to critical health issues.
- Electrolyte disturbances may manifest as confusion, seizures, or loss of consciousness.
Treatment Options for Acute Gastroenteritis in Pediatrics:
- Hydration – Maintaining hydration through oral rehydration solutions (ORS) is crucial. In severe cases, intravenous fluids may be necessary.
- Medications:
- Antiemetics to reduce vomiting
- Antidiarrheals, if appropriate
- Antibiotics, but only when bacterial infections are confirmed
- Probiotics to restore gut balance
- Dietary Recommendations:
- Continue breastfeeding if applicable.
- Gradually reintroduce food once vomiting subsides, starting with bland options like rice, crackers, and
- Avoid sugary drinks and caffeine.
When to See a Pediatrician:
Seek medical attention if your child exhibits:
- Severe dehydration signs like sunken eyes, no tears while crying, or minimal urine output
- Blood in vomit or stool
- High fever exceeding 101.4°F (38.5°C)
- Persistent vomiting or lethargy
If any of these symptoms occur, contact a pediatrician immediately. At Life Plus Hospital, we offer dedicated care to address such emergencies.
Prevention Tips for Acute Gastroenteritis in Children:
1. Vaccination
The rotavirus vaccine is an effective preventive measure against viral gastroenteritis.
2. Hand Hygiene
Frequent hand washing minimizes the spread of infections caused by bacteria and viruses.
3. Safe Food and Water Practices
Ensure food is thoroughly cooked, avoid raw or undercooked food for children, and ensure access to clean drinking water.
4. Cleaning and Disinfection
Regularly disinfect surfaces and objects that may have come into contact with contaminated materials.
Why Choose Life Plus Hospital for Pediatric Gastroenteritis Care?
Specialized Pediatric Care
Our pediatricians provide personalized care tailored to children’s unique needs.
Advanced Diagnostics
We employ modern diagnostic methods to pinpoint the cause of gastroenteritis, enabling precise treatment.
Family-Centered Approach
We understand the anxiety parents face during their child’s illness. Our team ensures compassionate care, prioritizing both the child’s and the family’s well-being.
24/7 Availability
Since acute gastroenteritis can arise unexpectedly, our emergency and inpatient services are operational round the clock.
By understanding the acute febrile illness meaning and addressing its causes and symptoms promptly, individuals can reduce complications and ensure quicker recovery. Early diagnosis and effective treatment remain the cornerstones of managing AFI.
