A colonoscopy is a medical procedure using a colonoscope to examine the inside of the colon and rectum, with a camera at the tip allowing doctors to visualize the inside, take pictures, videos, or remove tissue samples for further analysis.
Why is Colonoscopy Done?
- Screening for colon cancer: It is the most effective and common method to screen for colon cancer or rectal cancer. It helps detect polyps (abnormal growths in the colon) that could potentially turn into cancer if left untreated.
- Investigating symptoms: If you’re experiencing symptoms like unexplained abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, chronic diarrhea, unexplained weight loss, or changes in bowel habits, and it can help identify the underlying cause.
- Checking for conditions: It is also used to diagnose conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
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How is a Colonoscopy Done?
Step 1: Preparation
Proper preparation ensures that the doctor can see the inside of your colon clearly:
- Dietary restrictions: Follow a special diet for 1–2 days before the procedure. This usually includes avoiding solid foods and consuming only clear liquids like broth, water, and juice.
- Bowel cleansing: You’ll need to take a laxative or a liquid solution the night before the procedure to clean out your bowels for a successful colonoscopy.
Step 2: The Procedure
- Â Positioning: You are made to lie on your left side on an examination table.
- Insertion of colonoscope: The doctor gently inserts the colonoscope through your rectum and guides it into your colon. The colonoscope is equipped with a light and camera for clear visualization.
- Examination and treatment: The doctor examines the colon on a screen. If needed, they may take a biopsy or remove polyps using tools passed through the colonoscope.
Step 3: After the Procedure
- After the procedure, you’ll be monitored as the sedation wears off.
- It’s normal to feel bloated or experience mild cramping due to the air introduced during the test, but this subsides quickly.
What to Expect After a Colonoscopy
- Recovery from sedation: The sedative may leave you feeling groggy, so arrange for someone to drive you home.
- Passing gas: You may feel gassy for a few hours as your body releases the air used during the procedure.
- Mild cramping: Some discomfort or bloating is normal but temporary.
- Diet: You can resume eating, starting with light meals and avoiding greasy or heavy foods until you feel better.
How to Prepare for a Colonoscopy
- Follow bowel prep instructions: Carefully follow the doctor’s instructions for diet and bowel preparation to ensure a clean colon.
- Inform your doctor about medications: Let your doctor know if you’re on blood thinners, diabetes medication, or heart medication, as adjustments may be necessary.
- Arrange transportation: Due to sedation, you’ll need someone to drive you home after the procedure.
