Haemorrhoids, commonly referred to as piles, are swollen blood vessels located in or around the anus and rectum. These enlarged veins can cause discomfort, pain, and sometimes bleeding. Depending on their location, It can be categorized as either internal or external:
Types of Haemorrhoids
- Internal Haemorrhoids – Found inside the rectum, they are generally painless. They may cause bleeding, particularly during bowel movements. In some cases, internal piles may prolapse, slipping outside the anus, leading to irritation and discomfort.
- External Haemorrhoids: Located around the outside of the anus, these are more likely to cause pain. Symptoms include itching, swelling, and in some cases, the formation of a painful clot known as a thrombosed haemorrhoid.
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Causes of Haemorrhoids
Several factors contribute to the development of piles:
Straining during bowel movements:
Often due to constipation or hard stools, this puts excessive pressure on veins.
Pregnancy:
The growing uterus can increase pelvic vein pressure.
Obesity:
Extra body weight contributes to pressure on pelvic veins.
Prolonged sitting or standing:
Remaining in the same position for extended periods exacerbates vein stress.
Aging:
Tissue supporting rectal blood vessels weakens with age.
Heavy lifting:
Repeatedly lifting heavy objects raises abdominal pressure.
Symptoms
Recognizing the symptoms of haemorrhoids is key to early diagnosis and treatment:
- Pain or discomfort during or after bowel movements.
- Itching or irritation around the anus.
- Bright red bleeding during bowel movements.
- Swelling or a lump near the anus (associated with external piles).
- A sensation of fullness in the rectum, particularly with internal piles.
- Mucus discharge after bowel movements.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing piles involves a combination of:
- Symptom evaluation and medical history review.
- A physical examination to detect visible signs.
- Digital rectal examination or additional tests like colonoscopy, if necessary.
Treatment Options
1. At-Home Treatments:
- Over-the-counter creams containing hydrocortisone or witch hazel.
- Sitz baths to reduce swelling and alleviate pain.
- Cold compresses to minimize swelling.
- A high-fiber diet, including fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
- Adequate hydration to prevent constipation.
2. Minimally Invasive Procedures:
- Rubber band ligation: A rubber band cuts off blood supply to the piles, causing it to shrink.
- Sclerotherapy: Injecting a solution to shrink piles.
- Infrared coagulation: Heat application to reduce piles.
3. Haemorrhoids Surgery:
- Haemorrhoidectomy: A traditional surgical removal of piles.
- Stapled Haemorrhoidopexy: A less invasive method that repositions prolapsed can reduces blood supply, promoting healing.
Preparing for Surgery
- Pre-surgery fasting and bowel preparation as advised by your doctor.
- Adjusting medications to reduce bleeding risks.
Recovery After Surgery
- Pain management with prescribed medications.
- Post-surgery care, including sitz baths and maintaining hygiene.
- Following a high-fiber diet to ease bowel movements.
- Full recovery typically takes 2–4 weeks for traditional surgery and 1–2 weeks for stapling.
Untreated Hemorrhoids
If left untreated, It can escalate, causing severe pain, complications, and a decline in quality of life. Early treatment ensures faster relief and prevents worsening of symptoms.
If you’re experiencing symptoms of piles, contact LifePlus Hospital today. Our expert team is dedicated to providing effective care, helping you regain comfort and well-being.
