A fistula is an abnormal tunnel or connection that forms between two parts of the body that aren’t normally connected. For example, an anal fistula connects the anus or rectum to the skin near the anus, often due to infection.
- 080 2525 44 44
- 080 2525 66 66
- 98444 47766
Causes of Fistulas
Infections:
The most common cause of anal fistulas is an infection in the anal glands that leads to an abscess. The infection can spread, creating a tunnel or fistula.
Chronic Inflammatory Conditions:
Conditions like Crohn’s disease, which causes inflammation in the intestines, can lead to fistulas in the digestive tract.
Injury or Surgery:
In some cases, an injury or previous surgery near the anus, such as a haemorrhoidectomy, can result in the formation of a fistula.
Cancer:
Though less common, cancer can sometimes cause abnormal tissue growth that leads to fistulas.
Other Medical Conditions:
Certain diseases, such as tuberculosis or sexually transmitted infections (STIs), can also contribute to the development of fistulas.
Symptoms of a Fistula
- Pain and discomfort: This is particularly noticeable when sitting, during bowel movements, or when the area is touched.
- Persistent drainage: You may notice continuous or intermittent drainage of pus or blood from the opening of the fistula.
- Swelling or redness: The area around the anus may appear swollen or irritated, especially if the fistula becomes infected.
- Fever: In some cases, a fever may develop, indicating an infection.
- Irritation or itching: The skin around the fistula can become irritated or itchy.
Treatment Options for Fistulas
Conservative (Non-Surgical) Treatment
- Antibiotics: If the fistula is caused by an infection, antibiotics may be prescribed to control the infection.
- Pain relief: Over-the-counter pain medications, like ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help manage pain and swelling associated with a fistula.
How is a Fistula Diagnosed?
Physical examination:
Your doctor will inspect the anal area for any visible signs of an abscess, swelling, or openings.
Anoscopy:
In some cases, a small instrument called an anoscope may be used to look inside the anus and rectum for any abnormal connections or tunnels.
Imaging tests:
Your doctor may use imaging techniques like an ultrasound, MRI, or CT scan to get a clearer view of the fistula and determine its size and location.
Fistulography:
This is a special procedure where a contrast dye is injected into the fistula to make it visible on X-ray images.
Types of Fistula Surgery
Recovery and Aftercare
- Healing Time: It may take anywhere from a few weeks to a couple of months for the fistula to heal completely, depending on the type of surgery.
- Avoid Straining
- Pain Relief
- Return to Normal Activities: Most people can return to work and normal activities within a few weeks, though some may need more time.
